Visit the PLANS 2008 website at www.plansconference.org

Technical Sessions

Pre-Conference Tutorials

Special Events & Tourist Information

Accommodations

Transportation

Online Registration

IEEE/ION PLANS 2006 - Loews Coronado Bay Resort - Coronado, CA - April 25-27, 2006

Technical Sessions

Tuesday
Morning

8:30 am - Noon
Tuesday
Afternoon

2 - 5:30 pm
Wednesday
Morning

8:30 am - Noon
Wednesday
Afternoon

2 - 5:30 pm
Thursday
Morning

8:30 am - Noon
Thursday
Afternoon

1 - 4 pm
Constellation A
A1. Advanced Inertial Sensing Technology
Cambria
A2. Sensor Software and Signal Processing
Britannia
A3. Inertial Measurement Unit Technology
Constellation A
A4. MEMS Inertial Sensor Technology
Britannia
A5. Inertial Sensor Test and Evaluation
Cambria
A6. Novel Applications Enabled by Emerging Sensor Technology
Constellation B
B1. Advanced Integrated Navigation Technology
Britannia
B2. Integration of Inertial Systems with Satellite Navigation Systems 1
Constellation B
B3. Integrated Navigation for Precision and Non-precision Landing Approaches
Britannia
B4. Integration of Inertial Sys. with Satellite Navigation Systems 2
Constellation B
B5. Inertial Navigation Applications for Space, Commercial, and Military Systems
Britannia
B6. Underwater Navigation - Precision Agriculture
Britannia
C1. Atmospheric Effects and Modeling
Constellation A
C2. Receiver and Antenna Technology 1
Constellation A
C3. Ground and Space-Based Augmentation Systems
Constellation B
C4. Infrastructure Applications of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Technology
Constellation A
C5. GPS and Galileo
Constellation A
C6. Receiver and Antenna Technology 2
Cambria
D1. Advanced Navigation Concepts for Urban and Indoor Navigation 1
Constellation B
D2. Navigation Technologies Applied to DARPA Grand Challenge
Cambria
D3. Advanced Navigation Concepts for Urban & Indoor Navigation 2
Cambria
D4. Alternatives to GNSS
Cambria
D5. Advanced Navigation Concepts for Urban & Indoor Navigation 3
Constellation B
D6. The Future of Aerospace: Progress, Safety and Efficiency
Commodore Ballroom
Noon - 1 p.m.
Informal Luncheon with Exhibitors
Commodore Ballroom
6 p.m. - 8 p.m.
Meet and Greet Social
Commodore Ballroom
Noon - 2:00 p.m.
Awards Luncheon
  Commodore Ballroom
Noon - 1 p.m.
Informal Luncheon With Exhibitors
 

Click on underlined paper titles to view abstracts

Tuesday Morning, April 25

  Session A1: Advanced Inertial Sensing Technology
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Constellation A


Co-chair
Conrad Mueller
Honeywell


Co-chair
Chris Roberts
U.S. Army, AMRDEC

1. Estimation of the Roll Angle in A Spinning Guided Munition Shell: R. Kreichauf, E. Lindquist , Honeywell Laboratories
2. Inertially-Aided Vector Matching Algorithm for Satellite Attitude Estimation: V.L. Bageshwar, D. Gebre-Egziabher, W.L. Garrard, University of Minnesota
3. Performance Analysis of Tactical Grade Inertial Systems for Measurements While Drilling (MWD) Process: M. El-Gizawy, University of Calgary, Canada; A. Noureldin, Royal Military College of Canada; N. El-Sheimy, University of Calgary, Canada
4. Current Capabilities of MEMS Capacitive Accelerometers in Harsh Environment: J-M. Stauffer, Colibrys, Switzerland Ltd., Switzerland
5. Quartz Dual Axis Rate Sensor (QDARS): R. Jaffe, S. Simhauser, BEI Systron Donner Inertial Division; A. Madni, BEI Technologies
6. Ship´s Augmented Gravity Enhancement (SAGE) Implementation: J. DeWall, M.B. May, Penn State University; J. Carvil, S. Downs, SPAWAR

Alternates
1. A High Performance Magnetically Suspended MEMS Spinning Wheel Gyro/Accelerometer MultiSensor, Fabrication & Evaluation: C.R. Dauwalter, Milli Sensor Systems and Actuators, Inc.; J.C. Ha, AFRL/SNRP
2. A New Quartz Monolithic Differential Vibrating Beam Accelerometer: O. Le Traon, D. Janiaud, M. Pernice, S. Masson, S. Muller, Onera, France; J-Y. Tridera, DGA/LRBA, France

  Session B1: Advanced Integrated Navigation Technology
  8:30 a.m.-Noon, Constellation B


Co-chair
Ken Marino
BEI Systron Donner


Co-chair
Lukas Marti
Robert Bosch Corporation

1. Ultra-Wideband Two-Cluster Tracking System Design With Angle of Arrival Algorithm: J. Ni, D. Arndt, P. Ngo, C. Phan, J. Gross, NASA/Johnson Space Center
2. Time-Differenced Carrier Phase Measurements for Tightly Coupled GPS/INS Integration: J. Wendel, O. Meister, R. Monikes, G.F. Trommer, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
3. A Development of WAAS-Aided Flight Inspection System: E. Kim, U. Peled, T. Walter, D. Powell, Stanford University
4. Spacecraft Entry Navigation Using Sigma Point Kalman Filtering: M.C. Heyne, R.H. Bishop, The University of Texas at Austin
5. Transformable Spacecraft Tractor Beam Equipment Demonstration: R.W. Finney, Lockheed Martin
6. SINS Rapid In-Motion Alignment Based on Nonlinear Filter: Z. Xiong, Y. Hao, F. Sun, Harbin Engineering University, China

Alternates
1. Analysis of an Ultra Tightly Coupled GPS/INS System in Jamming: E.J. Ohlmeyer, Naval Surface Warfare Center
2. IMU Data Generation From the Defined Motion Using the NDI Controller Design Technique: O. Atesoglu, Aselsan, Inc., Turkey

  Session C1: Atmospheric Effects and Modeling
  8:30 a.m.-Noon, Britannia


Co-chair
Chris Bartone
Ohio University


Co-chair
Yujie Zhang
NavCom Technology Inc.

1. Decorrelation of Troposphere Across Short Baselines: D. Lawrence, Novariant Corporation; R. Langley, D. Kim, University of New Brunswick, Canada; F-C. Chan, B. Pervan, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
2. Estimating Ionospheric Slant Delay Without Resorting to the Thin-shell Approximation: L. Sparks, A. Komjathy, A.J. Mannucci, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
3. Regional Network Calibration for Unfavorable Reference-User Geometry in Network-Based RTK : D.A. Grejner-Brzezinska, C-Ki Hong, N. Arlsan, The Ohio State University; P. Wielgosz University of Warmia and Mazury, Poland; I. Kashani, Malam Systems Ltd., Israel
4. An Improved Regularization Method to Estimate Near Real-time Systematical Errors and Ionosphere Suitable for GPS Medium-long Baselines: X. Luo, Y. Yuan, J. Ou, Chinese Academy of Science, China; J. Wang, University of South Wales, Australia; K. Zhang, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
5. Advanced Ionospheric Modelling for GNSS Single Frequency Users: M.A. Aragon-Angel, F. Amarillo Fernandez, TEC-ETN, The Netherlands
6. The Effect of Misspecifations in the Mathematical Model on Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution: P. Joosten, Delft University of Technology

Alternates
1. Improving Ionospheric Corrections in the Asia Pacific Region: C-S. Ho, S-S. Jan, Y-C. Lin, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
2. The Impact of Ionospheric Delay on Global Positioning System (GPS) Signals During Geomagnetic Storm: A. Iyiade, University of Plymouth, U.K.

  Session D1: Advanced Navigation Concepts for Urban and Indoor Navigation 1
  8:30 a.m.-Noon, Cambria


Co-chair
Gabriel Elkaim
University of California - Santa Cruz


Co-chair
Guttorm Opshaug
Rosum

1. Optimal Sensor Placement for Agent Localization : D.B. Jourdan, N. Roy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2. Hybrid Indoor Navigation Using Wireless LAN and MEMS IMU: K.R. Anne, J. Schroeder, S. Galler, University of Hannover, Germany; K. Kyamakya, University of Klagenfurt, Austria; K. Jobmann, University of Hannover, Germany
3. Integrated GPS/TOA Navigation Using a Positioning and Communication Software Defined Radio: A. Brown, J. Nordlie, NAVSYS Corporation
4. Indoor Mapping and Positioning Using Impulse Radios: W. Guo, N.P. Filer, The University of Manchester, U.K.; R. Zetik, Ilmenau University of Technology, Germany
5. Initialization and Online-Learning of RSS Maps for Indoor / Campus Localization: B.B. Parodi, H. Lenz, A. Szabo, H. Wang, Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Germany; J. Horn, Helmut-Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Germany; J. Bamberger, D. Obradovic, Siemens AG Corporate Technology, Germany
6. A Database Method to Mitigate the NLOS Error in Mobile Phone Positioning: B. Li, A.G. Dempster, C. Rizos, University of New South Wales, Australia; H.K. Lee, Hankuk Aviation University, Korea

Alternates
1. Location Algorithm for a Novel Cooperative Localization Scheme: S. Frattasi, Aalborg University; M. Antonini, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" ,Italy; M. Monti, Konica srl; M. Ruggieri, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy; R. Prasad, Aalborg University
2. Self Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks: M. Youssef, N. El-Sheimy, The University of Calgary, Canada; A. Noureldin, Royal Military College of Canada
3. Navigation Solutions Using Wireless LAN Signals: M. French, J. Morton, Miami University

  Informal Luncheon in Exhibit Hall, Noon-1 p.m., Commodore Ballroom

Tuesday Afternoon, April 25

  Session A2: Sensor Software and Signal Processing
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Cambria


Co-chair
Andrey Soloviev
Ohio University


Co-chair
Elliott Kaplan
The MITRE Corporation

1. Symmetric Phase-Only Matched Filter (SPOMF) for Frequency-Domain Software GNSS Receivers: M. Miller, T. Nguyen, AFRL/SNRP; C. Yang, Sigtem Technology, Inc.
2. Analysis and Practical Comparison of Wireless LAN and Ultra-Wideband Technologies for Advanced Localization: J. Schroeder, S. Galler, University of Hannover, Germany; K. Kyamakya, University of Klagenfurt, Austria; K. Jobmann, University of Hannover, Germany
3. Kalman Filtering for Acquisition of GNSS Signals in Highly-Manoeuvrable Receivers: F. Nunes, F. Sousa, J. Leitao, Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Portugal
4. Insights Into Jammer Mitigation Via Space-Time Adaptive Processing: K.F. McDonald, P.J. Costa, R.L. Fante, The MITRE Corporation
5. A Data Fusion Approach for Improved Positioning in GSM Networks: M. Zhang, S. Knedlik, P. Ubolkosold, O. Loffeld, University of Siegen, Germany
6. A Multi-Objective Approach in GNSS Code Discriminator Design: J-C. Juang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

Alternates
1. A Constructive and Autonomous Integration Scheme of Low Cost GPS/MEMS IMU for Land Vehicular Navigation Applications: K-W. Chiang, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan; S. Nasser, N. El-Sheimy, University of Calgary, Canada
2. Fast Prototyping a GPS Receiver With an FPGA: J.M. Hill, Q. Xia, University of Hartford

  Session B2: Integration of Inertial Systems with Satellite Navigation Systems 1
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Britannia


Co-chair
Don Benson
The MITRE Corporation


Co-chair
Rick Anderson
Northrop Grumman Corporation

1. Performance of Honeywell´s Inertial GPS Hybrid (HIGHT) for RNP Operations: C. Call, M. Ibis, J. McDonald, K. Vanderwerf, Honeywell International Aerospace
2. Testing of a Digital Beamforming GPS Receiver With Spatial and GPS/Inertial Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Capability: A. Brown, B. Mathews, NAVSYS Corporation
3. TARSUS - A New Generation State of the Art Tactical Artillery Survey and Gun Laying System: M. Eren, O. Atesoglu, L. Guner, MGEO, ASELSAN Inc., Turkey
4. Architecture and System Performance in a Land Vehicle of SPAN - NovAtel´s GPS/INS Solution: S. Kennedy, J. Hamilton, NovAtel Inc., Canada
5. A Systems Approach to Ionospheric Delay Compensation: D.P. Michal, H.A. Klotz, Jr., R.M. Hoven, The Boeing Company
6. Space-Based Integrated GPS/INS Navigation and Attitude Control: A. Brown, B. Mathews, NAVSYS Corporation

Alternates
1. Post-processing GNSS/INS Measurements Using a Tightly Coupled Fixed-Interval Smoother Performing Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution: R. Monikes, A. Teltschik, J. Wendel, G.F. Trommer, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
2. A Kalman Filter-Based Tracking Loop Design for the Ultra-Tight Integration of GPS/INS: D. Li, J. Wang, The University of New South Wales, Australia
3. A Deeply Coupled GPS/INS Integrated Kalman Filter Design Using a Linearized Correlator Output : J.W. Kim, S.J. Lee, Chungnam National University, South Korea

  Session C2: Receiver and Antenna Technology 1
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Constellation A


Co-chair
A.J. Van Dierendonck
AJ Systems


Co-chair
Robert Erlandson
APR Consulting

1. Radiation Pattern of Aircraft Mounted GPS Antennas and Verification Through Scale Model Testing: B.R. Rao, E.N. Rosario, R.J. Davis, The MITRE Corporation
2. Stabilizing the Phase Response of Blind Array Processors for GNSS Interference Cancellation: G. Carrie, DGA/LRBA/ENSICA, France; F. Vincent, ENSICA, France; T. Deloues, Onera/DEMR, France; D. Pietin, DGA/LRBA, France; A. Renard, F. Letestu, Thales Avionics, France
3. Phase Compensation in GPS Array Processing Using a Software Radio: S.K. Kalyanaraman, M.S. Braasch , Ohio University
4. Empirical Mode Decomposition and Blind Source Separation Methods for Antijamming with GPS Signals: V. Kamath, Y.-C. Lai, Arizona State University; L. Zhu, Beijing Jiaotong University, China; S. Urval, Qualcomm Inc.
5. An Enhanced Correlation Processing Multipath Mitigation Technique for BOC Signals: V. Heiries, ENSAE (Supaero), France; D. Roviras, IRIT-Ensseiht, France; V. Calmettes, ENSAE (Supaero), France; L. Ries, CNES, France
6. Strobe Pulse Design for Multipath Mitigation in BOC GNSS Receivers: F. Sousa, F. Nunes, J. Leitao, Institututo de Telecomunicacoes, Portugal

Alternate
1. CRPA Design, Testing and Analysis: G. Gerten, R. Haroon, Analytical Graphics Inc.; K. Sherman, SatSoft Inc.

  Session D2: Navigation Technologies Applied to DARPA Grand Challenge
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Constellation B


Co-chair
David Bevly
Auburn University


Co-chair
Dr. Alex Fax
Northrop Grumman

1. Improvements in Sensor Fusion for the Caltech 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge Entry Through the Use of an Adaptive EKF Network and Probabilistic Map Fusion: J. Leibs, J. Gillula, California Institute of Technology
2. Autonomous off-road Driving in the DARPA Grand Challenge: E. Jones, B. Fulkerson, E. Frazzoli, H. Samueli, University of California/Los Angeles; D. Kumar, R. Walters, J. Radford, R. Mason, The Golem Group
3. Utilization of Position and Orientation Data for Preplanning and Real Time Autonomous Vehicle Navigation: W. Whittaker, Carnegie Mellon University; L. Nastro, Applanix Corporation
4. Extendable Grid Representation For Navigation And Obstacle Detection: S. Golconda, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; P. Mejia, elprez.net; A. Lakhotia, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
5. Two Minds for One Vehicle: The Virginia Tech Experience: B.M. Leedy, C.F. Reinholtz, Virginia Tech
6. Kat-5: a Collection of Systems Based on a Successful Paradigm for the Development of Autonomous Ground Vehicles: P.M. Kinney, P.G. Trepagnier, M. Dooner, J. Nagel, The Gray Insurance Company

Alternates
1. Realtime Path Planning via Nonlinear Optimization Methods: D. Kogan, R.M. Murray, Control and Dynamical Systems, Caltech
2. Managing Complexity in an Autonomous Vehicle: J.C. Bebel, B.L. Raskob, A.C. Parker, University of Southern California

  Meet and Greet Social, 6 p.m. - 8 p.m., Commodore Ballroom

Wednesday Morning, April 26

  Session A3: Inertial Measurement Unit Technology
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Britannia

Co-chair
Shaun McGuigan
Honeywell


Co-chair
Vicki LeFevre
U.S. Army Missile Command

1. Northrop Grumman´s Family of Fiber-Optic Based Inertial Navigation Systems: C. Volk, J. Lincoln, D. Tazartes, Northrop Grumman
2. Advances in Ruggedized Quartz MEMS Inertial Measurements Units: Randall Jaffe, BEI Technologies Systron Donner Inertial Division Ted Aston, BEI Technologies Systron Donner Inertial Division Asad Madni, BEI Technologies
3. Designing Vibration and Shock Isolation Systems for MEMS Sensor Based Inertial Measurement Units: T. Braman, O. Grossman, Honeywell Int.
4. Test and Evaluation of High Performance Micro Electro-Mechanical System Based Inertial Measurement Units: S.J. Pethel, Navigation Technology Associates
5. Honeywell Gun Hard IMU Technology : D. A. Karnick, T. Troske, Honeywell
6. A Method for Multiple Fault Detection and Isolation of Redundant Inertial Navigation Sensor Configurations: D. Skoogh, A. Lennartsson, FOI, Sweden

Alternate
1. One Bulk Micromachined Single-Chip Inertial Measurement Unit : H. Chang, W. Yuan, Q. Jiang, J. Xie, J. Cui, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

  Session B3: Integrated Navigation for Precision and Non-precision Landing Approaches
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Constellation B


Co-chair
Paul Kline
Honeywell


Co-chair
Jacob Campbell
Air Force Research Laboratory

1. Optical-Inertial Fusion for Precision Landings Using Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Projections: M.J. Veth, J.F. Raquet, M. Pachter, Air Force Institute of Technology
2. Characteristics of Navigation Errors During Sikorsky Helicopter GPS/WAAS Non-precision Approaches: D.P. Stapleton, Innovative Solutions International - Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center
3. Flight Test Evaluation and Comparison of Various Terrain Referenced Navigation Techniques for En-route and Approach Aircraft Guidance: M. Uijt de Haag, A. Vadlamani, Ohio University
4. Performance of Carrier-Phase Integrity Monitoring Techniques for Shipboard Relative GPS Landing Systems: C. Offer, S. Mole, C. Mather, QinetiQ Ltd, U.K.
5. WAAS-Based Threat Monitoring for a Local Airport Monitor (LAM) that Supports Category I Precision Approach: J. Rife, S. Pullen, T. Walter, E. Phelts, Stanford University; B. Pervan, Illinois Institute of Technology; P. Enge, Stanford University
6. Code-Carrier Divergence Monitoring for the GPS Local Area Augmentation System: D.V. Simili, B. Pervan , Illinois Institute of Technology

Alternates
1. Accurate Aircraft Positioning Using Carrier Phase GNSS Observations Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution: P. Joosten, Delft University of Technology
2. RAIM Error Detection and Estimation Integrated into Navigation Least Squares Algorithm: I. Martini, G.W. Hein, University FAF Munich, Germany

  Session C3: Ground and Space-Based Augmentation Systems
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Constellation A


Co-chair
Chris Hegarty
The MITRE Corporation


Co-chair
Elena Valdez
ARINC

1. Integrity Monitor Results From FAA GBAS Prototype: V. Wullschleger, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center; B. Szanislaw, L3 Communications; R. Velez, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center
2. Assessment of Nominal Ionosphere Spatial Decorrelation for LAAS: J. Lee, S. Pullen, S. Datta-Barua, P. Enge, Stanford University
3. Ionospheric Information Broadcasting Methods for Standardization in SBAS L5: R. Prieto-Cerdeira, J. Samson, European Space Agency, The Netherlands; J. Ventura-Traveset, European Space Agency, France; B. Arbesser-Rastburg, European Space Agency, The Netherlands
4. Analysis and Evaluation of the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) for Maritime Use: K. Van Dyke, DOT/Volpe Center; C. Bartone, T. Arthur, Ohio University; A. Cleveland, D. Wolfe, USCG C2CEN; A. Hansen, CSC; M. Moriarty, T. Thompson, USCG; G. Schlechte, USCG NAVCEN
5. Availability of the EGNOS Service for a Land Mobile User: P. Kovar, L. Seidl, F. Vejrazka, Czech Technical University, Czech Republic
6. An Augmented GPS/EGNOS Localization System for Alpine Rescue Teams Based on a VHF Communication Infrastructure: F. Dominici, A. Defina, F. Dovis, Politecnico di Torino, Italy; P. Mulassano, M. Gianola, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy

Alternates
1. EGNOS Performance Monitoring Using the DLR´s Experimentation and Verification Network : B. Belabbas, S. Graf, T. Noack, DLR (German Aerospace Center), Germany
2. Numerical Limitations of the LAMBDA Method When Calculating Bounds on the Probability of Correct Ambiguity Fix for Safety-of-Life Applications: K. O´Keefe, M. Petovello, The University of Calgary, Canada

  Session D3: Advanced Navigation Concepts for Urban & Indoor Navigation 2
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Cambria


Co-chair
Kyle O'Keefe
The University of Calgary, CANADA


Co-chair
Paul Cross
University College London, UNITED KINGDOM

1. A Prototype Personal Navigation System: W. Soehren, W. Hawkinson, Honeywell Laboratories
2. Location Determination in Indoor Environments for Pedestrian Navigation: G. Retscher, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
3. A Low Cost Multi-sensor Personal Navigator: System Design and Calibration: D.A. Grejner-Brzezinska, C. Toth, S. Moafipoor, Y. Jwa, The Ohio State University; J. Kwon, University of Seoul, Korea
4. Performance Measurements of Combined GPS and TV Signal Based Positioning System in San Francisco Bay Area: J-Y. Do, M. Rabinowitz, P. Enge, Stanford University
5. Accuracy Enhancement for UWB Indoor Positioning Using Ray Tracing: Y-H. Jo, Core Logic, Inc., South Korea; J-Y. Lee, D-H. Ha, S-H. Kang, Handong University, South Korea
6. PMD-Based Sensor Node Position Monitoring: F. Hasouneh, S. Knedlik, O. Loffeld, V. Peters, Center for Sensor Systems, (ZESS), Germany

Alternates
1. Dead Reckoning for Consumer Electronics: M. Amundson, Honeywell Inc.
2. Research on Vehicle Dynamic Model Positioning Theory and Its Application: Z. Zhuangshenga, Peking University, China; Q. Wang, Southeast University, China; D. Lu, X. Chen, Peking University, China
3. Accurate and Inexpensive Geo-Registering Using Virtual Reality and Multi-Sensor Fusion: D. Gebre-Egziabher, C. Olson, T. Morris, G. Nelson, M. Frohlich, M. Nelson, University of Minnesota; B. Scott, SRF Consulting

  Awards Luncheon, Noon - 2 p.m., Commodore Ballroom

Wednesday Afternoon, April 26

  Session A4: MEMS Inertial Sensor Technology
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Constellation A


Co-chair
Ralph Hopkins
Draper Laboratory


Co-chair
Randy Jaffe
BEI Systron Donner Inertial Division

1. Multi-Sensor Inertial Array Technologies for Advanced MicroSystems: T. Hudson, S. Holt, P. Ruffin, U.S. Army (AMRDEC); J. McKee, M. Whitley, M. Kranz, Morgan Research Corp.; E. Tuck, The Aegis Technologies Group
2. Honeywell Commercial MEMS Accelerometer Triax: G.J. Ballas, S.A. Foote, Honeywell International Inc.
3. Two Types of Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscopes: A. Shkel, University of California - Irvine
4. Low Cost MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit: A. Kourepenis, Draper Laboratory
5. Patterned Polymer Bonding With 3-D Capability for Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Inertial Sensors: E.J. Tuck, G. Tuck, M. Buncick, AEgis Technologies Group, Inc.; T. Hudson, U.S. Army (AMRDEC)
6. Hybrid Methodology for Development of MEMS: R.J. Pryputniewicz, R.T. Marinis, A.R. Klempner, P. Hefti, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Alternates
1. Oscillation Loop for a Resonant Type MEMS Accelerometer and its Performance: C. Hyun, J.G. Lee, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; T. Kang, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
2. The Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer: A High Performance MEMS Accelerometer for Precision Applications: R. Hopkins, Draper Laboratory

  Session B4: Integration of Inertial Sys. with Satellite Navigation Systems 2
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Britannia


Co-chair
Bryan Wesner
Rockwell Collins

Co-chair
Doug Weed
Honeywell

1. Carrier Phase Coherence as a Sequential Correlation Issue: J.L. Farrell, VIGIL, Inc.
2. A GPS Aided Full Linear Accelerometer Based Gyroscope-free Navigation System: A. Buhmann, C. Peters, M. Cornils, Y. Manoli, University of Freiburg, Germany
3. Fast Modified Unscented Kalman Filtering for Real-Time Navigation: D. An, D. Liccardo, J.A. Rios, Crossbow Technology, Inc.
4. Results of High Latitude Trials of Modern Russian Marine Compasses: A.G. Andreev, V.S. Ermakov, M.B. Mafter, Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Co., Russia; V.I.Kokorin, Krasnoyarsk State University, Russia; S.V. Rumyantsev, Manufacturing Enterprise Atomflot, Russia
5. Engineering Realization of Full Attitude System Based On GPS Carrier Phase and MEMS IMU : K. Tang, M. Wu, X. Hu, National University of Defense Technology, China
6. Bringing RTK to Cellular Terminals Using a Low-cost Single-frequency AGPS Receiver and Inertial Sensors: L. Wirola, K. Alanen, J. Kappi, J. Syrjarinne, Nokia Technology, Finland

Alternate
1. Novel Position Estimation for GPS and Low-Cost INS Fusion: M. Uenoyama, H. Nakamura, H. Nishitani, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan

  Session C4: Infrastructure Applications of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Technology
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Constellation B


Co-chair
John Lavrakas
Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc.


Co-chair
Greg Gerten
Analytical Graphics Inc.

1. The Evolution of the National Geodetic Survey´s Continuously Operating Reference Station Network and Online Positioning User Service: W. Stone, NOAA - National Geodetic Survey
2. Data Integrity - Delivering the Message With the Mail : K.M. Swanson; M.M. Lug; The MITRE Corporation
3. Measurement of Backscattered GPS Signals: T. Lindgren, D. Akos, D. Masters, University of Colorado - Boulder
4. GPS Galileo Timing Interoperability: Challenges and Solutions: S. Bedrich, 1, Kayser-Threde GmbH, Germany ; A. Moudrak, German Aerospace Center, Germany; A. Bauch, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany; P. Defraigne, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Belgium; J. Laverty,
National Physical Laboratory, U.K.

5. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Time Transfer Receiver Enhancements: M. Pini, Politecnico di Torino, Italy; D.M. Akos, University of Colorado
6. Application of Wavelet Analysis to GPS Deformation Monitoring: Y. Min, Jiangxi Nornal University, China; G. Hang, Nanchang University, China; Z. Chengwu, Jiangxi Normal University, China

Alternates
1. Triggering Model of Dynamic Navigation for Vehicles With GPS Equipment : Y. Liu, J. Zheng, L. Yan, Peking University, China
2. Extending GPS Orbit and Clock Products to High Rate GPS Satellite Clock Solution: D. Kuang, W. Bertiger, S. Byun, J. Zumberge, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Californian Institute of California

  Session D4: Alternatives to GNSS
  2 p.m. - 5:30 p.m., Cambria


Co-chair
Mikel Miller
Air Force Research Labatory


Co-chair
John Raquet
Air Force Institute of Technology

1. Airborne Platform Navigation Using a Closed Fedback Loop Between GPS/IMU and LiDAR Systems: D.A. Grejner-Brzezinska, C.K. Toth, N. Csanyi, E. Paska, S. Moafipoor, The Ohio State University
2. Flash-LADAR Inertial Navigator Aiding: J. Campbell, M. Miller, AFRL/SNRN; M. Uijt de Haag, D. Venable, M. Smearcheck, Ohio University
3. Geomagnetic Navigation Beyond the Magnetic Compass: F. Goldenberg, Goodrich Corporation
4. Possible Optimizations for the US Loran System: G. Johnson, Alion Science & Technology; P. Swaszek, L. Hartshorn, University of Rhode Island; R. Hartnett, U.S. Coast Guard Academy
5. Ultra-Tight Integration of Pseudolites With INS: R. Babu, J. Wang, University of New South Wales, Australia
6. A Positioning Technology for Classically Difficult GNSS Environments From Locata: J. Barnes, C. Rizos, M. Kanli, A. Pahwa, University of New South Wales, Australia

Alternates
1. Sensitivity Analysis of An Integrated Vision and Inertial System: B.K.H. Soon, S. Scheding, Australian Centre for Field Robotics, Australia
2. A Two-Stage Fuzzy Logic Approach for Wireless LAN Indoor Positioning : A. Teuber, B. Eissfeller, University FAF Munich, Germany

Thursday Morning, April 27

  Session A5: Inertial Sensor Test and Evaluation
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Britannia


Co-chair
James Farrell
VIGIL, Inc.


Co-chair
Maarten Uijt de Haag
Ohio University

1. The New Calibrating Algorithm for the Low-Cost Fiber-Optics Gyroscope: P. Guo, BeiHang University, China; M. Wang, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China; Z. Ren, BeiHang University, China; H. Qiu, Beijing YHLT Science & Technology, Inc, China
2. Using A Gimbal To Calibrate Inertial Measurement Units: G. Reddy, H. Herr, MIT
3. A Least-Squares Normalized-Error Regression Algorithm With Application to the Allan Variance Noise Analysis Method: B.E. Grantham, U.S. Army, AMRDEC; M.A. Bailey, Navigation Technology Associates, Inc.
4. Characterization of Non-Linear Error Terms for Vibrating Beam Accelerometers: R. Sutherland, L. McMahan Overstreet, Honeywell Defense & Space
5. Qualification of Standard MEMS Accelerometers for High End Applications: J-M. Stauffer, Colibrys Switzerland Ltd., Switzerland
6. An Efficient Method for Evaluating the Performance of MEMS IMUs: X. Niu, C. Goodall, S. Nassar, N. El-Sheimy, The University of Calgary , Canada

Alternate
1. Test and Evaluation of MEMS Inertial Sensors: H. Basil, T.S. Ramadevi, Indian Space Research Organization, India

  Session B5: Inertial Navigation Applications for Space, Commercial, and Military Systems
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Constellation B


Co-chair
Robert Blizzard
CAST Navigation, LLC


Co-chair
David Borgersen
Boeing Integrated Defense Systems

1. A High G, MEMS Based, Deeply Integrated, INS/GPS, Guidance, Navigation and Control Flight Management Unit: T. Buck, J. Wilmot, Honeywell; M.J. Cook, Rockwell Collins
2. Enhanced Capabilities for Legacy Missiles Through Technology Insertion: T.B. Medley, NTA, Inc.; P.B. Renfroe, A.M. Wright, U.S. Army RDECOM
3. Study of Real-time Filtering for an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) With Magnetometer and Acceleration Sensor in a 155mm Projectile: V. Fleck. E. Sommer, M. Broekelmann, ISL, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, France
4. Micro Air Vehicle Navigation System: B. Mohr, D. Fitzpatrick, Honeywell
5. Simplified Survey System User Trial : G.S. Graham, P.K. Couch, US Army RDECOM; K.R. Peake, Navigation Technology Associates, Inc.
6. GPS Based Attitude Estimation of Aircraft Using Neural Network Aided Extended Kalman Filter : R.Katoch and P.R.Mahapatra, CABS, India

Alternates
1. Comparison of INS Transfer Alignments Through Observability Analysis: Z. Xiong, Y. Hao, F. Sun, Harbin Engineering University, China
2. A Crosswind Hazard Study With Using FDR Data : C-S. Ho, C-T. Weng, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; M. Guan, Aviation Safety Council, Taiwan

  Session C5: GPS and Galileo
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Constellation A


Co-chair
Guenter Hein
University FAF Munich-Institute of Geodesy and Navigation, GERMANY


Co-chair
Anthony Pratt
DSTL, U.K.

1. Performance Analysis of GPS and Galileo Receivers in Urban Automatic Vehicle Location: H. Liu, Q. Shi, G. Li, J. Wan, Shanghai Galileo Industries, China
2. Signal Performance and Measurement Noise Assessment of the First L2C Signal-in-space: A. Simsky, J-M. Sleewaegen, P. Nemry, J. Van Hees, Septentrio, Belgium
3. L1/L2CS GPS Receiver Implementation With Fast Acquisition Scheme: D.W. Lim, Chungnam National University, South Korea; C. Park, Chungbuk National University, South Korea; S.J. Lee, Chungnam National University, South Korea
4. Galileo L1c - Acquisition Complexity, Cross Correlation Benefits, Sensitivity Discussions on the Choice of Pure Pilot, Secondary Code, or Something Different: P.G. Mattos, STMicroelectronics, U.K.
5. Tracking Complex Modulation Waveforms Proposed for Galileo - How to Avoid Receiver Bias: A.R. Pratt, DSTL, U.K.; G.W. Hein, J.A., Avila-Rodriguez, University FAF Munich, Germany; J.I.R. Owen, DSTL, U.K.
6. Controlling the Galileo L1 OS Signal Emissions With Satellite Baseband Filters: A.R. Pratt, J.I.R. Owen, DSTL, U.K.

Alternate
1. Improvement of Maximum Likelihood Time Delay Estimation for GPS in Multipath, Jamming and Low SNR Environment: M. Sahmoudi, M.G. Amin, Villanova University

  Session D5: Advanced Navigation Concepts for Urban & Indoor Navigation 3
  8:30 a.m. - Noon, Cambria


Co-chair
Dennis Akos
University of Colorado

Co-chair
Simon Julier
ITT-AES/NRL

1. Use of a Vector Delay Lock Loop Receiver for GNSS Signal Analysis in Bad Signal Conditions: T. Pany, B. Eissfeller, University FAF Munich, Germany
2. Innovative Indoor Geolocation Using RF Multipath Diversity: D. E. Gustafson, J. M. Elwell, J. A. Soltz, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
3. Signal Propagation Analysis and Signature Extraction for GNSS Indoor Positioning: M. Andreotti, M. Aquino, M. Woolfson, J. Walker, T. Moore University of Nottingham, U.K.
4. Inertial Sensor Enhanced Mobile RTK Solution Using Low-Cost Assisted GPS Receivers and Internet-Enabled Cellular Phones : K. Alanen, L. Wirola, J. Kappi, J. Syrjarinne, Nokia Technology, Finland
5. A Deep Integration Estimator for Urban Ground Navigation: D. Landis, T. Thorvaldsen, B. Fink, P. Sherman, S. Holmes, Draper Laboratory
6. Vehicle Search Base Station Location Positioning Assisted GPS Navigation System: C. Peng, Florida Institute of Technology

Alternates
1. Navigation Message Bit Identification Using Coherent Code Processing: R.K. Douglas, W.E. Lillo, The Aerospace Corporation
2. RAIM and Complementary Kalman Filtering for GNSS Reliability Enhancement: H. Leppakoski, Tampere University of Technology, Finland; H. Kuusniemi, Fastrax Ltd., Finland; J. Takala, Tampere University of Technology, Finland
3. Bayesian, GPS, Parameter Estimation Under Interference and Jamming: M.C. Bromberg, Elected Engineering Inc.; I.F. Progri, California State Polytechnic University -Pomona

  Informal Luncheon in Exhibit Hall, Noon - 1 p.m., Commodore Ballroom

Thursday Afternoon, April 27

  Session A6: Novel Applications Enabled by Emerging Sensor Technology
  1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Cambria


Co-chair
Phil Bruner
Northrup Grumman


Co-chair
Boris Pervan
Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering

1. Advanced Borehole Attitude Determination Without Measuring Axial Angular Rate Component : Y.I. Binder, T.V. Paderina, Y.A. Litmanovich, Central Scientific & Research Institute "Elektropribor" , Russia
2. The Application of GPS on the Buoy Monitoring System: J-C. Zheng, Jimei University, China; Z-H. Chen, Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration, China
3. Marine Mammal Marker (MAM_MARK) Dead Reckoning Sensor for In-Situ Environmental Monitoring: G.H. Elkaim, E. Decker, G. Oliver,University of California, Santa Cruz
4. Autonomous Ground Vehicle Navigation Using Integrated GPS and Laser-scanner Measurements: M. Joerger, B. Pervan, Illinois Institute of Technology
5. Simulated Navigation System Performance for the Rocketplane XP: K.M. Betts, R.C. Rutherford, bd Systems, Inc.
6. Model Free Subspace H-infinity Control for an Autonomous Catamaran: G.H. Elkaim, R. Kelbley, University of California - Santa Cruz

Alternate
1. A Localization System Using Geostationary Collocated Satellite for Location Based Services In Interactive TV: M. Gross, G. Harles, SES ASTRA SA

  Session B6:
Part 1 (Papers 1-3): Underwater Navigation
Part 2 (Papers 4-6): Precision Agriculture
  1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Britannia


Co-chair
Marvin May
Pennsylvania State University


Co-chair
Robert Greer
SPAWAR

1. Simplified Target Location Estimation for Underwater Vehicles: S.K. Rao, NSTL, India
2. Terrain Aided Underwater Navigation Using Point Mass and Particle Filters: K.B. Anonsen, O. Hallingstad, University Graduate Center (UniK), Norway
3. Pseudo Linear Kalman Filter for Underwater Target Location Using Intercept Sonar Measurements: S.K. Rao, NSTL, India
4. Agricultural 3D Maps with Stereovision: F. Rovira-Mas, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain; Q. Zhang, M. Kise, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; J.F. Reid, John Deere Technology Center
5. Real-time Land Subsidence Monitoring Using an Extended Kalman Filter: I. Adeniyi, University of Plymouth, Plymouth. U.K.
6. Dynamic Testing of GPS on Agricultural Aircraft for Remote Sensing and Variable-rate Aerial Application: S.J. Thomson, USDA ARS; L.A. Smith, USDA ARS

Alternate
1. Application of Statistical Estimators for Underwater Target Tracking: S.K. Rao, NSTL, India

  Session C6: Receiver and Antenna Technology 2
  1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Constellation A

Co-chair
Bryan Lovitt
Raytheon

Co-chair
Dr. Kevin Dutton
Honeywell

1. Orbiting GPS Receiver Modified to Track New L2C Signal: T.K. Meehan, D. Robison, T.N. Munson, L.E. Young, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; S. Stoyanov, ITT Space Systems Division
2. Fast Signal Acquisition Technology for New GPS/Galileo Receivers: W. De Wilde, J-M. Sleewaegen, A. Simsky, J. Van Hees, C. Vandewiele, E. Peeters, J. Grauwen, F. Boon, Septentrio, Belgium
3. Standardized GPS Simulation Scenarios for C/A-code SPS Receiver Testing: C. Hay, Spirent Federal Systems; J. Colley, SiRF Technologies
4. A Simple Multipath Delay Estimator Based on Alternating Projection Algorithm: H. Saarnisaari, V. Tapio, Centre for Wireless Communications, Finland
5. Can Code Redundancy be Used to Improve GNSS Receiver Acquisition Sensitivity?: S. Turunen, Nokia Corporation, Finland
6. Impact of the Acquisition Searching Strategy on the Detection and False Alarm Probabilities in a CDMA Receiver: D. Borio, Politecnico di Torino, Italy; L. Camoriano, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy; L. Lo Presti, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Alternates
1. Open Source GNSS FPGA Receiver: P. Mumford, K. Parkinson, A. Dempster, University of New South Wales, Australia
2. Development of Software AGPS/GPS+ Receiver Testbed at UT San Antonio: P.K. Sagiraju, D. Bhupathiraju, S.G.V.S. Raju, D. Akopian, University of Texas at San Antonio
3. A Novel Approach in the Detection and Characterisation of CW Interference on the GPS Signal Using the Receiver CNo Estimation: A.T. Balaei, J. Barnes, A.G.Dempster, University of New South Wales, Australia

  Session D6: The Future of Aerospace: Progress, Safety and Efficiency
  1 p.m. - 4 p.m., Constellation B

Co-chair
JoAnn Ford
Federal Aviation Administration


Co-chair
Chuck Daniels
USAF, GPS Operations Center

1. Prior Probability Model Development to Support System Safety Verification in the Presence of Anomalies: S. Pullen, J. Rife, P. Enge, Stanford University
2. Development of a GNSS Performance Monitoring System (GPMS): W.J. De Castilho Araujo, DECEA; K. Van Dyke, J. Parmet, C. Dufresne, DOT/Volpe Center; R. Cole, J. Campbell, J. She, Y. Bian, Innovative Solutions International, Inc.
3. Velocity and Acceleration From Unaided Carrier-Phase: J.L. Farrell, VIGIL, Inc.
4. Disputes Arising Out of Space Related Contracts: Liability Issues and Role of Legislation: M. Spada, University of Rome, Italy
5. Safety Requirements for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Future Civil Airspace: R. Loh, Y. Bian, T. Roe, Innovative Solutions International
6. Airspace System for Aircraft and Spaceplane: Towards a Regulatory Framework and a Legal Regime: M. Spada, University of Rome, Italy

Alternate
1. Professional Publishing Trends of Recent GPS Doctoral Students: L.A. Mallette, Pepperdine University

 

Pre-Conference Tutorials

Half-day session tutorials will be offered on Monday, April 25. Conference attendees wishing to attend the tutorials must register for the tutorials in addition to registering for the conference. Tutorial registration may be completed using the PLANS 2006 Registration Form.

Tutorial registration fees are as follows:
 Before March 23After March 23
One half-day session $275$325
Two half-day sessions$500$550
(kindly note that tutorial fees are in addition to conference registration fees)

Monday
Morning

8:30 am - Noon
Monday
Afternoon

1:30 p.m. - 5 p.m.
Dr. Chris Bartone
Fundamentals and Details of Satellite Navigation Using GPS
Dr. James L. Farrell
Low-Cost INS
Dr. Dorota Grejner-Brzezinska
Network-Based RTK GPS and Precise Point Positioning
G. Jeffrey Geier
Fundamental Issues Affecting GPS/INS Integrations
Ralph E. Hopkins
MEMS Inertial Technology: A Short Course
Dr. Chris Hegarty
Aviation Augmentations to GPS
Dr. Ira M. Weiss & Allen W. Morrison
GPS Protection Toolbox: Picking the Right Technology for Interference Suppression
Marvin B. May
Navigation Software

 

Conference Events
Spouses Programs

Tuesday, April 25
INFORMAL LUNCHEON WITH EXHIBITORS
Noon - 1 p.m., Commodore Ballroom

This event is included in the price of a FULL registration. Guest tickets may be purchased for $60 each.

Wednesday, April 25, 26 & 27
SPOUSES’ COFFEE
8:30 - 9:30 a.m., Sunset Terrace / Sunset Room (First Floor)

A complimentary spouses coffee will be held from Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.
Tuesday, April 25
EXHIBITOR HOSTED MEET AND GREET SOCIAL
6 - 8 p.m., Commodore Ballroom

Join the exhibitors as they host a social evening of information and cuisine. A cash bar will be offered.

This event is included with any type of registration. Spouses and traveling companions 21 and older are welcome.

Wednesday, April 26
AWARDS LUNCHEON

Noon - 2 pm, Commodore Ballroom
The IEEE will present the Kershner Award and Walter Fried Award. For more information on IEEE Awards and how to submit a Kershner award nomination please see www.plans2006.org.

The ION will award its 2005 Annual Awards and present the 2006 ION Fellows. For more information on how to submit a nomination or for a list of past ION award recipients please see www.ion.org.

This event is included in the price of a FULL registration. Guest tickets may be purchased for $60 each.

 

Wednesday, April 26
WINE COUNTRY TOUR
9:45 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Cost: $90 per person

Enjoy a guided day of tasting wine at three different winners wineries and a stop in Old Town Temecula. Tour includes a Tuscan picnic luncheon, transportation and all gratuities.

Please arrive on time! The tour will depart promptly at 9:45 a.m. Spouses should meet at the spouses coffee hour in the Sunset Room no later than 9:30 a.m. Refunds cannot be issued for no–shows or for those who arrive after the posted departure time.

Tours will be sold on an as-available basis. PLANS reserves the right to cancel the tour due to inadequate participation (if cancelled, full refunds will be given).

 

Thursday, April 27
INFORMAL LUNCHEON WITH EXHIBITORS
Noon - 1 pm, Commodore Ballroom

This event is included in the price of a FULL registration. Guest tickets may be purchased for $60 each.

 

 

Accommodations

The Loews Coronado Bay Resort
4000 Coronado Bay Road
Coronado, CA 92118
Phone: 800-815-6397 or 619-424-4000 - Fax: 619-424-4470

On a fifteen-acre private peninsula bordered by the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay, the lodging at Loews Coronado Bay Resort boasts spectacular panoramic water views in a seaside setting with countless unique activities designed for your relaxation and enjoyment. Nearby San Diego offers a wealth of culture and attractions, our concierge staff can point the way but don't be surprised if you're content to see it from your balcony.

Reservations. You can make a reservation by calling 800-815-6397. International participants may call 1-619-424-4000 or fax a reservation to 1-619-424-4470. Be sure to make your reservations by March 23 to receive the special PLANS rates listed below. Be sure to identify yourself as a PLANS meeting participant to receive the following special rates: $195 single/double per night.

Government Reservations. A limited number of government rated rooms will be available at the 2006 Federal per diem rate for those U.S. government employees traveling on government travel orders and paying with a U.S. government-issued credit card. Failure to pay for the room with a U.S. government-issued credit card will result in your reservation being honored at the group rate. Government contractors not traveling with government travel orders are not eligible for this rate.

Internet Access. High-speed Internet access is available in sleeping rooms, hotel lobby and pool area at an additional cost of $13 per night.

Downtown Coronado Shuttle Bus. The Loews offers complimentary shuttle bus service to Downtown Coronado, Downtown San Diego (Horton Plaza and Gaslamp Quarter) and Seaport Village.

Transportation

Driving. From San Diego International Airport (approximately 12 miles): Exit airport parking to Harbor Drive, you will be traveling south towards downtown. Turn left onto Grape Street and proceed to Interstate 5 exit. Take ramp onto I-5 South to Coronado Bay Bridge. Exit onto Coronado Bay Bridge/CA State Highway 75. Cross the bridge through the toll plaza (there is not a toll charge). Proceed to Orange Ave.; turn left. Continue through the village and pass the U.S. Naval Amphibious Base (Orange Ave. turns into Silver Strand Hwy. 75). The resort is approximately 3.5 miles south of the base. Turn left onto Coronado Bay Road and through the gates to the resort.

Taxi. Taxi fare from San Diego airport to the Loews is approximately $30 to $35 one way.

Airport Shuttle. Cloud 9 Shuttle provides airport transfers on a first come, first serve basis at a cost of $15.75 per person each way. You can purchase tickets from the Cloud 9 Shuttle agent in the airport's baggage claim area or pre-pay on-line at www.cloud9shuttle.com.

Attention International Participants

We recommend that you apply for your visa at least two months in advance due to security related policies that have greatly increased the processing time for visa applications.

U.S. consular officers now interview most applicants as part of the application process. This can add additional time and delays. Currently there is a mandatory security check period of 30 days for people whose passports are issued from several countries, including China, North Korea, and most middle-eastern countries. Furthermore, the U.S. State Department requires citizens of many countries to obtain visas to attend any scientific program.

As of October 26, 2004, visa waiver travelers from ALL 27 Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries must present either a machine-readable passport or a U.S. visa.

To learn more about the Visa Waiver Program and machine readable passports, go to:
http://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/without/without_1990.html. .
For general information about visas, go to:
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/visas.

April 6, 2006 12:37 ET
Dining in San Diego